EXAMINING THE POLITICAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: THE HIGHS AND LOWS OF THE COUNTRY

Abstract

India’s political governance is distinguished by its distinctive combination of democratic principles, a federal structure, and a sociopolitical terrain that is not particularly straightforward. India’s political system has seen substantial changes ever since the country gained its independence in 1947. These changes have reflected both the country’s strengths and its challenges. In this article, the historical development of governance in India is investigated, with a particular emphasis on significant periods of reform and crisis, the function of institutions, and the influence of changes in socioeconomic conditions. Throughout its history, the system of governance has been characterized by both periods of stability, such as the consolidation of democracy in the 1950s and the liberalization reforms of the 1990s, and periods of turbulence, such as the Emergency (1975- 1977) and more recent challenges, such as coalition politics and growing regionalism. The role of the bureaucracy, the judiciary, and the emergence of decentralized governance as a result of the strengthening of local bodies are all discussed in the article. Take a look at some of the most recent developments, including the influence of digital governance efforts, the function of civil society, and the growing polarization of political debate. At the end of the analysis, a reflection is made on the dynamic and frequently contradictory nature of India’s political governance. This reflection highlights the interplay between continuity and change, centralization and decentralization, and the ongoing search for a balance between democratic accountability and effective administration.