Founding and Early Mission (2013) The year 2013 marked the establishment of Al-Shodhana, a multidisciplinary refereed research journal inaugurated by St Aloysius College (Autonomous), located in the city of Mangaluru, India. Bearing the ISSN(P) Number 2320-6292 and eISSN: 3049-3870, the journal was founded with a vision to embrace the ideals of academic rigor and scholarly inquiry. Initially, Al-Shodhana adhered to a bi-annual publication schedule, issuing volumes in January and July, and was made available in both hard copy and digital formats. The soft copies were disseminated through the institutional portal, thus making its reach accessible to a wider academic audience.The establishment of Al-Shodhana aimed to provide a scholarly forum for academicians, practitioners, research scholars, and students across diverse disciplines. It facilitated the dissemination of research findings, ensuring that new knowledge and insights reached a broader audience. This academic endeavor was designed to cultivate a vibrant research culture, integrating diverse perspectives and nurturing scholarship both within and beyond the institution. Advancement and Transformation (2024) A significant chapter in the history of Al-Shodhana unfolded in 2024, coinciding with the elevation of the autonomous college to the esteemed status of a Deemedtobe University. During this transformative period, the journal adopted a double-blind peer review system, transitioned to an open-access model, and began assigning Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to enhance academic transparency and credibility. Furthermore, the journal expanded its global reach by incorporating international peer reviewers and establishing a dedicated online portal at SADU Publications - Al-Shodhana. Since its inception, Al-Shodhana has remained committed to advancing human understanding through intellectual inquiry and academic excellence, with a vision of knowledge evolving in harmony with societal needs. The journal serves as a beacon of interdisciplinary convergence, nurturing dialogue that transcends individual disciplines and ambitions. It not only gathers and shares knowledge but creates a space for ideas to be critically examined and refined through collaborative inquiry. Emphasizing social responsibility, Al-Shodhana seeks to align its scholarly pursuits with addressing the complexities of human experience and societal challenges. By remaining dedicated to this mission, the journal stands as both a custodian of knowledge and an active catalyst for the pursuit of truth. Journal Particulars Title Al-Shodhana Journal Short Name AS ISSN (Online) 3049-3870 ISSN (Print) 2320-6292 ESTD 2013 Subject Category Multi-Disciplinary Journal Type Double-Blind Peer-Reviewed, Refereed & Open Access Journal Crossref DOI Number 10.70644 Issue Frequency Biannual Publication Follow COPE Guidelines Publication Format Online & Print Language English Website URL https://sadupublications.com/journals/index.php/al-shodhana/ Email id alshodhana@staloysius.edu.in Chief Editor Name Dr. P PSajimon Mobile No +91 9446545550 Publishing Body St Aloysius (Deemed to be University) Full Address St Aloysius College Road, Kodialbail P B No. 720, Mangalore – 575 003, Karnataka, India
THE CLIMATE CHANGE: CONCERNS OF THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION IN THE ARCTIC REGION
The Arctic region is a homeland to numerous Indigenous populations with traditional practices, lifestyles, and distinct cultures, that have shaped their unique identity for millions of years. Lately, the Arctic is becoming a theatre of military and geopolitical competition. Besides, the concerns of climate change seriously threaten their existence, their well-being, and the resources that sustain them. As a global concern, Climate Change has been very well addressed by the United Nations, in its Sustainable development Goal (SDG) 13: Climate Action. It reverberates climate action and synergies requiring urgent action to prevent climate change and its effects. This research explores the impacts of climate change on the indigenous communities of the Arctic region and the interlinked aspects of their health, well-being, and livelihood sources, that affect in turn the global scenario. The paper also endeavours to delve into the advocacy rights of the indigenous population in the Arctic and the promotion of their cultural integrity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION: THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH CONSCIOUSNESS ON GREEN PURCHASE INTENTION OF FMCG CUSTOMERS IN KERALA
India’s sustainable consumption is an indication of the shift in customer tastes towards goods and services that support environmental and health concerns. Increasing demand from customers for organic and environmentally responsible products is pushing firms to adopt more socially and environmentally sustainable operations. India can help achieve global sustainability goals, lessen the consequences of climate change, and safeguard the health and welfare of future generations by rising environmental and health consciousness among its people. Customer’s environmental and health awareness is matters not only to its immediate effects on environmental sustainability and public health but also for its wider consequences on economic growth, policy-making, and global responsibility. The purpose of the present study is to find out the environmental and health consciousness of Fast-Moving Customer Goods (FMCG) customers, and to assess the linkage between environment and health consciousness of customers on the green purchase.
IPO PERFORMANCE IN THE SHORT-RUN: EVIDENCE FROM BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE
Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) mark an important shift for companies. They allow firms to raise money by transitioning from private to public ownership. While researchers have studied IPO pricing and long-term returns, there is little research on short-term IPO performance in India, especially on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). This study fills that gap by looking at the short-term performance of 301 IPOs listed on the BSE from 2021 to 2023. It uses the Market Adjusted Excess Return (MAER) method. The analysis compares IPOs in the secondary and tertiary sectors, explores sector-specific trends, and examines the link between MAER and issue price through Karl Pearson’s correlation. The results show that secondary sector IPOs usually perform better in terms of MAER and average listing gains. However, there is no statistically significant correlation between MAER and issue price. The findings offer valuable insights for IPO literature, highlighting investor risk-return trade-offs and suggesting implications for investment strategies, regulatory policy, and market efficiency.”
THE ROLE OF ASHA WORKERS IN EMPOWERING COMMUNITY HEALTH BY LEVERAGING ICT TOOLS
The collective of the Government of India known as the “Accredited Social Health Activist’ (ASHA) is one of such imitative geared to promote rural development by strengthening community service. It regulated a design to disseminate public health information especially in reproductive and child health and other health care concerns among the rural populace. The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) is an initiative of the Indian government to enhance the country’s public health system. One of the key aspirations of the NRHM was to provide every village with a trained female community health worker. ASHA is designed and trained to work as an interface between the rural community and the public health system. This research paper analyses the role of ASHA workers in rural community health empowerment through the use of ICT tools and makes an effort to assess how ICT has reinforced the ASHA to carry out their duties at Grama Panchayaths.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: INSIGHTS FROM ONLINE SEARCH TRENDS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
In the digital age, online search trends provide a unique window into public awareness and preferences about environmental issues. Google analyses search data related to climate change, pollution, biodiversity, and sustainability from 2004 to 2023, globally and in the United States, China, India, and the United Kingdom. The findings reveal that global interest in environmental issues has increased, with notable regional variations. Search interest in climate change, particularly in developing countries such as India and China, has increased even as it has polarised in the US. Pollution searches have emerged during times of crisis, revealing gaps in knowledge about health impacts. Sustainability searches led by the U.S. and U.K. have grown steadily, reflecting a desire for sustainable solutions through an imperfect understanding of systems-level thinking. By leveraging digital insights, stakeholders can build environmental literacy, shape debates, and drive progress towards a sustainable future.
THE ROLE OF NGOS IN MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF KANHA SHANTI VANAM, HYDERABAD
This paper explores the intersection of spirituality and environmental stewardship in the Indian context; it argues that traditional Indian spiritual philosophies play a significant role in mitigating the effects of climate change. By fostering a deep sense of interconnectedness with nature, promoting sustainable practices, and inspiring community engagement, spirituality serves as a powerful tool for environmental consciousness and action in India. Climate change is a pressing global issue, and India, with its diverse geography and socio-economic complexities, faces significant challenges in addressing this crisis. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a pivotal role in climate change mitigation by implementing sustainable practices, raising awareness, and influencing policy. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this study highlights the initiatives undertaken by Kanha Shantivanam and the broader impact of NGOs in combating climate change in India.
This article discusses women, the environment, and empowerment, emphasising women’s vital role in environmental sustainability and their challenges in addressing environmental issues. Although women, especially marginalised ones, spearhead environmental conservation, they are under-represented in environmental policy and resource management decisions. The research emphasises the interplay between gender, ecological, and socioeconomic factors, showing that empowering women via education, resource access, and leadership can improve sustainable and inclusive environmental practices. It examines how climate change affects women’s livelihoods, particularly in disadvantaged countries where environmental degradation disproportionately affects women. Feminist policies that combine gender equality and environmental justice create a more resilient, equitable, and sustainable future for everyone, according to the essay.
BEYOND BOOKS: SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH INITIATIVES FOR ADOLESCENTS, IN PATHANAMTHITTA, KERALA
This study investigates mental health initiatives, support systems, and challenges in schools across Pathanamthitta District, Kerala. Using a mixed-methods approach, 50 schools were surveyed using stratified random sampling, and in- depth interviews with ten school counsellors were also held. The results show that while private schools exhibit notable service gaps, frequently lacking trained staff and integrated support systems, government and aided schools consistently offer structured counselling, referral pathways, and wellness infrastructure, largely supported by state-led programs like ORC and Souhrida clubs. Social Emotional Learning (SEL) integration into school curricula, teacher orientation programs, and appointing qualified counsellors are other initiatives that could help integrate responsiveness, equality, and accountability into Kerala’s school mental health ecosystem.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S RESPONSES ON EMPOWERMENT AND HEALTH OUTCOMES: A STUDY BASED ON TRIBAL COMMUNITIES IN THE WAYANAD DISTRICT OF KERALA
This study is an attempt to bridge this gap that has been found invariably in the studies pertaining to tribes. Using qualitative analytical tools with the help of sophisticated software, this study explores the perspectives of tribal women in Wayanad, Kerala, on their empowerment and its effects on household health status. The study has administered open ended questionnaire to elicit information from respondents apart from employing qualitative methods like Focus Group Discussion. Using sentimental analysis, the study dwells into their responses that highlight both challenges and hope, indicating their trust in systemic changes that have been transforming their life thanks to intuitional measures. Since in World Cloud analysis, words associated with the positive emotions account for more than 60% of the meaningful words it can be interpreted that there exists a good sign of positive attitude towards the topics discussed in the FGD even though some level of anger, sadness and negative emotions still haunt the sentiment of tribal communities.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY OF VERBS IN RIBEIRO’S VOCABULARIO OF THE OLD KONKANI LANGUAGE
This article explores the significance of studying verbs in Vocabulario da Lingoa Canarim (1626), compiled by Diogo Ribeiro and his Jesuit companions, as a means of understanding the structure and evolution of Old Konkani. Through a historical-linguistic approach, the work traces the emergence of Konkani from Maharashtri Prakrit, its early literary culture, and the influence of missionary contributions in the 16th and 17th centuries. The diachronic changes in Konkani verbs, such as phonological simplification and loss of inflectional diversity, are analysed against broader socio-political contexts like Portuguese colonization and later standardization efforts influenced by Marathi post liberation of Goa. The article asserts that while modern Konkani shows evidence of adaptation and convergence, the preservation and study of Old Konkani structures are critical for retaining the language’s distinct Indo-Aryan identity. Ribeiro’s Vocabulario thus emerges as a pivotal resource for linguistic reconstruction, offering valuable insights for contemporary efforts in language revitalization and typological studies.
NAVIGATING THE MARKET EFFICIENCY OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY STOCKS: IMPACT OF RED SEA CRISIS ON BSE GREENEX INDEX - AN EVENT STUDY
This study was conducted in order to clarify the effects of the Red Sea Crises on Greenex. Following the announcement of the Red Sea Crises on S&P BSE Greenex, the event research approach was employed to examine the stock market’s eficiency empirically. The study includes a 20-day pre-event and a 15-day post-event phase. AAR and CAAR were computed for Greenex in order to assess the impact of the Red Sea Crisis. The average abnormal returns on Greenex before and after the Red Sea Crises event date did not differ significantly, according to the null hypothesis. At the 5% level of significance, the null hypothesis is rejected in the paired samples t-test, indicating that the event had a statistically significant effect on GREENEX. Investors in green economy companies will benefit from the study by better understanding how the green economy responds to significant world events, assessing whether their preference for stocks with higher carbon performance is warranted, and making wise and well-informed investing choices.
SPECIAL NUTRITIONAL FOOD PROGRAMME FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE: INSIGHTS FROM FOREST COMMUNITIES IN KODAGU DISTRICT, KARNATAKA
This paper examines food insecurity in forest tribal areas of Karnataka, focusing on beneficiaries of the Special Nutrition Food Programme under the Integrated Tribal Development Programmes (ITDP). It explores opportunities for forest tribal people in districts with Tribal Sub-Plans, which are the sites for special projects. Although the ITDP implements Tribal Sub-Plans in an organized manner, the government’s special nutrition program has not benefitted Scheduled Tribe (ST) sub-castes. Indian tribals are a heterogeneous and marginalized group, often facing geographical isolation, primitive occupations, and extreme poverty. The Special Nutrition Programs, held annually for six months, aim to improve health and well-being by providing essential food to tribal families in forest areas. The study emphasizes tribe-specific actions and active participation from community members who benefit from these programs. Kodagu, located in the Western Ghats, is home to various tribal groups and has seen some success in government social programs providing access to necessities.
Integrated Tribal Development Programme (ITDP)
WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MSMES IN KERALA
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial drivers of economic development, contributing to employment generation, income distribution, and overall economic growth. However, their success and sustainability largely depend on effective financial management practices. This study explores the working capital management and financial practices of micro and small enterprises in Kannur district, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. The research highlights the critical role of efficient financial planning, budgeting, and resource allocation in enhancing business stability and growth. It also highlights the importance of financial literacy and the adoption of modern financial tools to optimize financial performance. The findings reveal that many enterprises face challenges in maintaining proper financial records, accessing credit, and managing cash flows effectively. Addressing these gaps through targeted financial training and policy interventions can significantly improve the financial resilience of MSMEs. By strengthening financial management practices, these enterprises can achieve long-term sustainability, contributing to the broader economic development of Kerala.
NON-STATE ACTORS AND PEACEBUILDING IN POST-GENOCIDE SOCIETIES: LESSONS FROM RWANDA
In the year 1994, Rwanda witnessed one of the most brutal episodes of ethnic violence in human history. Interestingly, in the years following the genocide the nation ushered in peace through efforts by political and non-political agencies, founded on the principles of reconciliation and peaceful coexistence. The Rwandan peace- building model presents a unique case as non-state actors, and non-conventional approaches were employed for ensuring justice and peace in a post-genocide scenario. The localised efforts were focused on the deliverance of peace and ’restorative justice’, to build the foundations for long-lasting peace and stability. The paper aims to evaluate the role of international, governmental and grassroots level agencies in delivering justice in the post-genocide phase of Rwanda. This paper also aims to examine the role of local actors in peace building and to evaluate the level of its effectiveness in Rwanda.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TRADITIONAL INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY OF EAT RAJA BANGALORE, INDIA
Eat Raja, located in Malleshwaram, Bangalore, is India’s first zero-waste juice shop. This study explores how Eat Raja integrates traditional Indian knowledge systems with modern sustainability practices to create a zero-waste ecosystem. By eliminating plastic use, composting organic waste, and promoting community engagement, Eat Raja sets an example for sustainable business operations. The study underscores the significant role such enterprises play in fostering environmental conservation, reducing waste, and supporting the local economy. Furthermore, the paper examines the impact of these initiatives on consumer behaviour and their potential to influence policy decisions toward more sustainable business practices.
Environmentally responsible business operations
CONSUMER PREFERENCES AND STREAMING CHOICES: AN ANALYSIS OF OTT PLATFORM USAGE IN KERALA
The television consumption landscape in India is swiftly transforming, propelled by the rapid rise of online streaming video services. The COVID-19 pandemic has notably influenced the expansion of the OTT market, as individuals confined to their homes seek entertainment within their own spaces. This study aims to economically analyse the evolving OTT landscape, examining user preferences, experiences, and impacts. Through a questionnaire- based approach involving 100 respondents in Kerala; it identifies notable trends such as youth dominance, economic accessibility, and the prevalence of smartphones. The findings shed light on users’ content preferences, satisfaction levels, and the resilience of platforms during the pandemic. This study not only provides insights into the current OTT scenario but also informs strategic decisions for the sector’s dynamic future.
J. M. COETZEE’S WAITING FOR THE BARBARIANS: A PORTRAYAL OF INTER-RACIAL RELATIONSHIPS
The depiction of the problems of conflicts and contradictions and graphical portrayal of the web of human relationship among people of varied races in South African society by Coetzee has been identified as the focus of the study. The British rule had an impact on South Africa that comprised the native South Africans or black race, Afrikaners or the white South Africans and the white people of colonial authority. A close reading of select novels of Coetzee also reveals the effects of racism and colonial oppression. More importantly, his writings transcend political, geographical and social boundaries to achieve universal significance. The study of related literature in the works of Coetzee further discloses his ability not only to delineate local situations and characters but to infuse them with universal ideology and characteristics of his mission as well. His use of the country’s apartheid system and its post-apartheid transition to represent the bareness and desolation of the human state has also been brought under the discussion. Thus, the present study intends to bring out social relationship existing amidst the native South Africans, the Afrikaners or the white South Africans and the people from white authority in apartheid society of South Africa, with specific reference to select novels. It’s proven that the web of social relationship and social reality are not a fixed presence. Human relationships are considered both the cause for societal ills and a remedy for the malady of the society. What is required is the propagation of the essential and everlasting ethical codes for human relationship in a multilayered society in order to maximize the remedy through the web of human relationships.
EXAMINING THE POLITICAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: THE HIGHS AND LOWS OF THE COUNTRY
India’s political governance is distinguished by its distinctive combination of democratic principles, a federal structure, and a sociopolitical terrain that is not particularly straightforward. India’s political system has seen substantial changes ever since the country gained its independence in 1947. These changes have reflected both the country’s strengths and its challenges. In this article, the historical development of governance in India is investigated, with a particular emphasis on significant periods of reform and crisis, the function of institutions, and the influence of changes in socioeconomic conditions. Throughout its history, the system of governance has been characterized by both periods of stability, such as the consolidation of democracy in the 1950s and the liberalization reforms of the 1990s, and periods of turbulence, such as the Emergency (1975- 1977) and more recent challenges, such as coalition politics and growing regionalism. The role of the bureaucracy, the judiciary, and the emergence of decentralized governance as a result of the strengthening of local bodies are all discussed in the article. Take a look at some of the most recent developments, including the influence of digital governance efforts, the function of civil society, and the growing polarization of political debate. At the end of the analysis, a reflection is made on the dynamic and frequently contradictory nature of India’s political governance. This reflection highlights the interplay between continuity and change, centralization and decentralization, and the ongoing search for a balance between democratic accountability and effective administration.
MACHINE LEARNING-BASED EARLY DETECTION OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE USING VOICE ANALYSIS
This study investigates the potential of machine learning techniques, specifically k-Nearest Neighbours (KNN)and Support Vector Machines (SVM), for detecting early-stage cases of Parkinson’s disease (PD) using voice data. Leveraging a dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, which consists of 147 phonetic samples from PD patients and 48 from healthy controls, the methodology involved data preprocessing, feature selection using a genetic algorithm, and handling class imbalance with the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). Dimensionality reduction was performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), retaining the most informative features. Both classifiers were trained and validated using stratified 10-fold cross-validation to ensure robust performance evaluation. The KNN classifier achieved an accuracy of 96.11%, with high precision (95.87%), recall (94.76%), and an AUC-ROC of 0.97, indicating superior discriminatory power. The SVM classifier also demonstrated strong performance, with an accuracy of 94.57%, precision of 93.68%, recall of 92.35%, and an AUC-ROC of 0.95. The results shows that KNN model is effective in distinguishing PD patients from healthy individuals using non-invasive phonetic data. The study underscores the phonetic analysis as a reliable biomarker for early PD detection, offering a promising alternative to current diagnostic methods that rely heavily on clinical observation. Future work should focus on validating these findings with larger, more diverse datasets and integrating additional data types to further improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability. The findings support the development of accessible and early diagnostic tools that could significantly enhance patient’s quality of life.
ENHANCING CONSUMER VIGILANCE AND MITIGATING TACTICS AGAINST INTERNET SHOPPING FRAUD
Cyber fraud poses a growing threat to individuals and organizations worldwide, exploiting vulnerabilities in online systems and human behaviours. By examining prevalent cyber fraud tactics, such as phishing, identity theft, and social engineering, the paper highlights key vulnerabilities and proposes effective countermeasures. It emphasizes the importance of consumer education, awareness campaigns, and technology-based solutions, such as two-factor authentication and real- time fraud detection systems. Additionally, the role of regulatory frameworks and industry collaboration in combating cyber fraud is discussed. Through a combination of consumer empowerment and technological innovation, this paper aims to contribute to the development of a more resilient online environment where consumers can navigate digital spaces with confidence and reduced risk.By addressing these gaps, the research aims to contribute to the development of more effective strategies for protecting consumers in the digital marketplace. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, e-commerce platforms, and consumer advocacy groups, underscoring the importance of a collaborative approach to enhancing consumer protection against internet shopping frauds.
Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF RED STONE QUARRY WORKERS OF IN MONSOON SEASON – A STUDY IN KANNUR DISTRICT, KERALA
The monsoon season significantly impacts the socio-economic environment of quarry workers by presenting a multitude of challenges to their livelihoods and overall well-being. This paper unveils the nuanced dynamics surrounding quarry labour during the monsoon, seeking to uncover the intersecting factors that shape workers’ experiences and vulnerabilities. Through a comprehensive analysis of demographic profiles, income fluctuations, work conditions, andsocioeconomic effects on families, the researcher aims to illuminate the complex realities faced by quarry workers in the monsoon season. Study uses quantitative method to investigate the social implications of the monsoon season, including how it affects social cohesiveness, family well-being, and support systems within the community. The findings showed the concerns of safety and security measures, seasonal unemployment and economic constraints which need to be addressed to promote resilience and equity among quarry workers amidst climatic uncertainties. Authors conclude by highlighting the critical need for focused interventions to support quarry workers in the face of environmental adversity and adding a deeper understanding of the socio-economic dynamics in the workplace during the monsoon season.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO UDUPI AND DAKSHINA KANNADA DISTRICT
The tourism industry, as an Indian phenomenon, has significantly contributed to the growth of the Indian economy over the past decades. Many nations worldwide have received an essential endorsement of revenue from this sector. This article describes the ideas behind sustainable development in the tourism industry in Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts. Ideas were drawn from a wide range of sources, as well as how tourism plays a vital sector that may be grown sustainably in the development of both districts. The major objective of the research paper is concentrated on three fundamental concepts of ecological, social, cultural, and economic sustainability for current as well as future generations that are expected to be handled by the growth of sustainable tourism. In other words, the public, investors, local governments, and other tourism stakeholders should always capitalize on and have a positive impact on sustainable tourism growth, both now and in the future. This article found that the ecotourism industry is anticipated to embrace more novel and socially marginalized methods. It suggests that to create strategies for sustainable improvement, the government should conduct environmental impact assessments for every new venture and routine audit of the environment for all ongoing operations.
PALMYRAH PALM IN VITRO EMBRYO CULTURE AND HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN CULTURE MEDIA
Palmyrah palm (Borassus flabellifer) propagation relies solely on seeds due to the lack of vegetative methods. Seed germination, a slow hypogeal process forming a “cotyledonary tube” (apocolon), takes 5-6 months. This study presents the first attempt at in vitro culture of Palmyrah palm embryos with a histological analysis of their development. After 150 days, plumule emergence from the apocolon was observed in a limited number (2 out of 240) of cultured embryos. Half-strength Y3 medium yielded the fastest apocolon growth (88.33%), followed by half-strength MS medium (85%). However, shoot formation (3.33%) was observed only in half-strength Y3 medium. Histological analyses revealed an absence of clear differentiation in mature embryos during initial apocolon development. Higher magnification visualized meristematic centres within the embryonic axis, where cell division formed a proembryonal cell complex. As development progressed, the embryonic axis relocated towards the apocolon’s tip. Leaf primordia formation was observed within the germ tube’s posterior end after 120 days of incubation. These findings demonstrate the potential of in vitro culture for Palmyrah palm propagation, although further optimization is required to improve shoot development.
UNVEILING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND CONCERNS IN INDIA THROUGH AN ECOFEMINIST LENS
This study explores the various complex environmental challenges and concerns that exist in India, using an eco-feminist perspective to uncover the deep relationships between gender, ecology, and political structures. India, an emerging country, has a wide range of environmental challenges including air and water pollution, deforestation, and climate change. In the face of these difficulties, ecofeminism becomes a relevant perspective to examine the interaction between gender dynamics and environmental degradation.It explores how patriarchal norms exacerbate environmental degradation, leading to unequal distribution of environmental burdens and benefits. Furthermore, it highlights the invaluable role women play as stewards of natural resources and agents of sustainable development, often overlooked in mainstream environmental discourse.This paper highlights the significance of embracing a comprehensive strategy to environmental preservation that recognises the inherent connections between gender equality and ecological sustainability. Furthermore, the report promotes the use of inclusive and participatory decision-making methods that enhance the influence of women and marginalised groups in environmental governance.
LIFE AND TIMES OF MICHAEL K: DECONSTRUCTING THE MYTH OF THE ‘OTHER’
Human society is formed and evolved with people of homogeneous and heterogeneous sects. South Africa was no exception to the truth. Under the clutches of Britishers, it was shaped as a nation of the native South Africans, the white South Africans and the white people of colonial authority. Hence, the South African society experienced the hierarchical power structure in which the white colonial authoritative people were on the top of the power position with wealth and dominance, the native South Africans were at the bottom with poverty and unemployment, and the Afrikaners were in the mid-way experiencing ‘inbetweenness’ to both the white people and the native South Africans. The dominance granted to the white authoritative people from the top position gave space for imposing their own culture over the native culture. Life & Times of Michael K (1983) is about the life and journey of Michael K. This novel also depicts the situation of South Africa, in the time of an imaginary civil war, during apartheid movement. Coetzee re-figures, revisits, and rewrites the ills of imperialism by interrogating how the paradigmatic circumstances one is born into effect the production and performance of identity as a social construct.
PREVENTING DEFACEMENT OF PUBLIC PROPERTIES IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS
In today’s scenario, the public properties are most vulnerable in terms of its protection and safeguard. This is general observation that such properties are easily defaced and devalued by the miscreants to fulfil their different objectives without being caught in the grip of law. To curb this menace, the specific legislations have been made by the State Legislatures having different norms of punishment and procedure. In the light of above facts, the present paper unearths the legal provisions relating to preventing defacement of public properties. Further, it gives some sensible suggestions also.